Types of Mesothelioma
Learn more about the types of mesothelioma, depending on where it originates.
Mesothelioma is a rare form of cancer that forms after a person has been exposed to asbestos fibers. Years after initial exposure has occurred, abnormal cells begin to grow and multiply in the mesothelium, which is a thin layer of tissue that protects the majority of the patient’s internal organs. The location of the tumors is the primary method for determining the type of mesothelioma.
- There are four primary types of mesothelioma based on location.
- Pleural (75%) and peritoneal (10%) mesothelioma are the two most common types.
- Mesothelioma type significantly influences prognosis and treatment options.
Pleural Mesothelioma (Lungs)
Pleural mesothelioma is the most common form of the cancer, accounting for roughly 75 percent of all cases. This type of mesothelioma develops in the lining of the lung cavity, known as the pleura, and is often revealed by a CT or MRI of the chest. Obtaining a definitive diagnosis requires a tissue biopsy via needle aspiration or thoracotomy.
Peritoneal Mesothelioma (Abdomen)
Peritoneal mesothelioma is responsible for approximately 10 percent of all cases. Cancer cells grow in the peritoneum, which is the lining of the abdominal cavity. The cancer causes symptoms like abdominal pain and swelling, weight loss, and fluid in the abdomen.
Pericardial Mesothelioma (Heart)
Pericardial mesothelioma accounts for about 1 percent of all mesothelioma cases and affects the lining of the heart cavity. Pericardial mesothelioma is remarkably rare, but when there is evidence of a pericardial tumor, mesothelioma is the most common cause.
Testicular Mesothelioma (Testes)
Testicular mesothelioma originates in the tissue of the tunica vaginalis and is extremely rare, with only about 100 cases total reported. Because it is so uncommon, it is difficult to fully understand this type of mesothelioma and the most effective way to treat it.
Mesothelioma Cell Types
Doctors identify mesothelioma not only by the tumor locations but also by the cell type. There are three main cell types in mesothelioma tumors.
Epithelioid mesothelioma is the most common type, accounting for about 70% of mesothelioma cases. It is also more treatable than other cell types, with patients who receive treatment having longer life expectancies on average.
Sarcomatoid mesothelioma is less common, totalling about 10% of cases. This mesothelioma type is more aggressive and associated with shorter life expectancies. But recent advancements in treatment may help reduce its treatment-resistant reputation.
Biphasic mesothelioma refers to a combination of epithelioid and sarcomatoid cell types. About 20% of mesothelioma patients are diagnosed with this type. Its prognosis falls between those of epithelioid and sarcomatoid.
Free Mesothelioma Guide
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Stages
Mesothelioma can be categorized into one of four stages, which classify how far the cancer has progressed in the body.
Treatment
While there is no cure for malignant mesothelioma, there are treatment options that can help patients improve their prognosis and reduce symptoms.
Diagnosis
Mesothelioma is difficult to diagnose and is often confused with other diseases. Currently, only a biopsy can definitively confirm mesothelioma.
Prognosis
Unfortunately, mesothelioma has a poor prognosis with a 5-year survival rate of only 9 percent. Most patients have a life-expectancy of about 1 year.
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Understand Your Legal Rights
Because so many companies knowingly put employees at risk of asbestos exposure, mesothelioma patients and their loved ones have legal rights. Talk to an attorney to learn about your compensation options.